About "kern.random.harvest.mask" on FreeBSD [のふ処|NOFUDOKORO]

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====== About "kern.random.harvest.mask" on FreeBSD ======

When finding out FreeBSD's network tuning, any articles say "Optimise the random harvest." I wondered why random number is related even though I looked at the network, but FreeBSD Handbook made sense to me: [[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4|random(4)]]と[[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random_harvest&sektion=9|random_harvest(9)]], [[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random_harvest&sektion=9|random_harvest(9)]]. This information is as of FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE.

First about the random harvest.

FreeBSD has a special file ''/dev/random'' to get random numbers. It is normally PRN (Pseudo Random Number) generator, thus it is nothing but return definite numbers generated by formula which looks like random. Maintaining randomness is important to keep good entropy state. FreeBSD seems to call this mechanism "random harvest." I think this naming pretty fits in the behaviour which growing good entropy and using it.

The entropy source is controlled by the ''kern.random.harvest.mask'' kernel variable.

This value is bit field which each bit corresponds to a source, "1" means the source is enabled, "0" means disabled. Aliased "mask" variables, "mask_symbolic" and "mask_bin" should be useful rather than unfriendly decimal value. Their values are below on my PC:

<code>
$ sysctl kern.random
kern.random.fortuna.minpoolsize: 64
kern.random.harvest.mask_symbolic: PURE_RDRAND,[UMA],[FS_ATIME],SWI,INTERRUPT,NET_NG,NET_ETHER,NET_TUN,MOUSE,KEYBOARD,ATTACH,CACHED
kern.random.harvest.mask_bin: 00000010000000111111111
kern.random.harvest.mask: 66047
kern.random.random_sources: 'Intel Secure Key RNG'
</code>

As you see, "mask_bin" is binary representation, and "mask_symbolic" is more human readable representation of the mask value which contains all available entropy sources on the system. The source enclosed in square brackets means disabled source. As of FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE, 24 entropy sources are defined at [[https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/blob/releng/12.1/sys/sys/random.h#L64|sys/sys/random.h]].

In my case, ''NET_ETHER'' is used as one of entropy sources. They say the reason why it affects network performance is because of race conditions on a lock between the harvesting and network communicating. The affect is said not to be negligible especially on high speed network like over 10Gb/s. I see how it is.

===== References =====

  * [[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&sektion=4|random(4)]]
  * [[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random_harvest&sektion=9|random_harvest(9)]]
  * [[https://people.freebsd.org/~olivier/talks/2018_AsiaBSDCon_Tuning_FreeBSD_for_routing_and_firewalling-Paper.pdf|Tuning FreeBSD for routing and firewalling]](PDF)