400W電源(HP Z210 CMT)でGeForce GTX 980を動かす

初めに結論を言ってしまうと、+12Vの電流が足りてれば400W電源でも問題なく動く。

詳しくは以下の文章を読んでね(はーと

今更ながらCities:Skyelinesに激ハマり中である。まだ6万人都市程度にもかかわらずMacBook Pro Late 2013(i7-4960HQ 2.6GHz,4C8T/16GB/GeForce GT 750M)だと既に結構重くなってきた。プレイ中はファンが全速回転で精神的にも良くないし、ゲームプラットフォームとしてのSteamの素晴らしさに感動したので、いっそSteam専用マシンを仕立てる事にした。

といっても、お金はあんまり掛けたくない、というかそんなに余裕ない(´・ω・`)ので、そこそこの性能のメーカー製出来合い中古PCにグラボを載せる方向に決定。仕事の合間にネットで中古PCショップやヤフオクを漁っていた所、Sandy Bridge世代のCore i7搭載のHP, DELLあたりのデスクトップが2~3万程度でコスパ最強っぽい(2016-06-27現在)。

そんな中PCNETで、よさ気なHP Z210 CMTを見つけた。スペックは下表の通り。

CPU Xeon E3-1270 (3.4GHz/4C8T)
チップセット C206
メモリ DDR3-1333 4GB (全4/空2スロット)
HDD 500GB×2
光学ドライブ CD/DVDマルチドライブ
VGA Quadro 600
PCIe
(Gen2)
x16 (x16接続) ※ビデオカード専用
x16 (x4接続)
x8 (x4接続)
x1 2本
PCI 2本
SATA 6ポート(内6.0Gbps 2ポート)
電源 400W 80PLUS GOLD(型番:619397-001, DELTA製)
その他 HD Audio, Gigabit Ether(Intel 82579LM), USB 2.0×9ポート, OSなし

OSなしの中古とはいえ、このスペックで税込み20800円は激安。しかも1ヶ月の保証付きで送料も無料。商品写真は未掲載で「詳しい状態はお問い合わせ下さい」とのことで問い合わせてみたら「前面パネルにやや大きな傷、使用劣化による擦れ傷多数あり」との返答。まぁ、安いし多少はね…。普通のメーカー製PCゆえに電源が400Wしかないのも不安の種ではあるが、最悪自宅鯖の600W電源と交換すればいいかーってなもんでポチっとな。

現物が届いてみると、前面の大きな傷は10cmにも満たない只の擦り傷だし、他の傷も側面に多少の擦れがある程度で、中身はホコリの堆積等殆どなく普通に美品だった。やるな、PCNET!また、付属品は電源ケーブルのみ、という記載だったのに(3Rの安物だけど)新品っぽいマウス・キーボードまで付いてきた。やるな、PCNET!!

今時のグラボを挿して手持ちの余剰Windowsを入れれば、Steam専用マシンのいっちょ出来上がりだ。

電源が400Wしかないので、GPUはワッパ最強で値段も手頃(2016-06-27現在で2万前後)なGeForce GTX 960一択!

……のハズだったんだけど、友人をけしかけてGTX 1070を買わせることに成功したので、お下がりのGTX 980を安く譲って貰うことになった。やったね\(^o^)/ 問題は400Wで足りるのか?NVIDIA公式では500Wが推奨なのだが……ということで、ここからが本題

MSI曰く、GTX 980では+12Vが30A必要とのこと。この情報を信じるなら、単純計算で360W必要な訳でちと厳しいかも…。

しかし、随所のGTX 980レビュー記事の消費電力を見ると、高負荷時でもシステム全体で350Wを超えることはなさそうである。

また、もうちょい理詰めで考えると、GTX 980は6ピン補助電源×2であるから、PCIeスロットの給電と合わせて消費電力が225Wを超えることは規格的にあり得ない1)。差し引きグラボ以外に175W割ける計算なので、何とかなりそうな気がしてきたぞ。

鍵となるZ210 CMTの電源ユニットの+12V系統の仕様は下表の通りである。

系統 最大電流 備考
+12Vcpu 18A ※合計400Wまで
+12VG 12.5A
+12VS 18A
+12VB 18A

恐らく+12VGがグラボ用(150WなのでPCIeと6ピン補助電源の合計供給能力と合致する)で、+12VSがストレージ用かしら?全く根拠はないけど。とりあえず、6ピン補助電源の1つを+12VS系統から取れば行けそうな予感・・・!となれば、後は実践あるのみだ。

尚、80PLUS試験結果を見ると、本電源ユニットは80 PLUS GOLDに相当すると思われる。なかなかいい電源ではありませんか。

友人からGTX980を購入して装着…!

ついでに転がってたメモリを追加して8GBへ、ストレージもSSDに交換、何だかんだで7万くらい掛かってるけど気にしたら負け……!!(`・ω・´)

とりあえずBIOSが一発で出て安堵。OSのインストールも問題なく行え、最新ドライバを入れて認識も良好。後は高負荷時に電力が足りるかどうかだけ……!!

というわけで、3DMark Version 2.0.2530を実行。そして、完走確認!400W電源でGeForce GTX 980が無事動いた…!!消費電力は以下の通りだった。

状況 消費電力
待機 4W
スリープ 8W
アイドル 1920×1080 49W
3840×2160 51W
3DMark FireStrike
(3840×2160)
Demo 320W
Combined 356W
Cities:Skylines
(8万人都市)
180W前後

3DMark FireStrikeのCombinedテスト時が最大で356Wだった。電源の効率が90%なので、実際の消費電力は約320Wとなり負荷率は80%ということになる。肝心のCities:Skylinesでは180W程度なので余裕のよっちゃんじゃないですかー。

最終的なマシン構成は以下のようになった。

CPU Xeon E3-1270 (3.4GHz/4C8T)
チップセット C206
メモリ DDR3-1333 2GBx2 + DDR3-1066 2GBx2 = 8GB
SSD Intel® SSD DC S3500 480GB
光学ドライブ CD/DVDマルチドライブ
VGA GeForce GTX 980
電源 400W 80PLUS GOLD(型番:619397-001, DELTA製)
OS Windows 10 Pro (x64)

その後、結局GeForce GTX 1070にアップグレードした。もちろん400W電源のまま動いている。1070の補助電源は6ピン+8ピンなので、規格上は最大300Wということで、CPU/GPUが最大負荷の場合は割とシビアな感じはする。

ネットの記事を筆頭に「グラボが○○なら電源は余裕を見て△△ワット以上」という、一体何を根拠に言ってるんだ?という記述が少なくない。規格と理屈で考えれば自ずと必要な電源容量は求まるのにね。

負荷ギリギリだと電源効率がーとか寿命がーって主張もあるけど、80 PLUS認証電源なら負荷率20~100%における変換効率の最大差は高々4%なのよね。例えば全体で400W消費するシステムで80 PLUS GOLDの400W電源と800W電源を比較すると、それぞれの規格上の変換効率は87%と90%である。すなわち、損失分も含めた理論上の消費電力は459.8W、444.4Wで15.3Wの差にしかならない。

寿命に関しては、確かに常時高負荷で使うよりは余裕を持って使う方が伸びそうな気はする。とはいえ、真っ当な製品なら高負荷を考慮した上で製品保証期間をクリアするような設計になってるんじゃなかろうか。もちろん、中には「大半の人はフルロードで長時間使わんでしょ」と割り切ってギリギリを攻めた結果、高負荷で著しく寿命が短くなる製品もあるだろうけどさ。

結局のところ、電源の良し悪しを一般人が定量的に測るのは難しく、信頼できそうなメーカーの製品を買うしかないのだが「余裕を持って××ワット」っていう指標は殆ど役に立たないと思うのよね。ギリギリ設計除けには効くかもしれないけど、それが目的で定格の2倍以上の電源買うくらいなら、最初から適正容量のまともそうな電源買った方がいいと個人的には思う。

動物電源に代表されるアレな電源ユニットが跋扈していた頃ならいざ知らず、いい加減、無根拠な選定は止めた方がいいんじゃないかなぁ(特にPC自作を啓蒙するような立場においてはさぁ……


1)
6ピン補助電源の最大出力75W×2+PCIeの最大出力75W=225W
Hrk, 2017-10-07 22:08

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